\u00a0 INTRODUCERE<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prezenta lucrare \u00ee\u015fi propune s\u0103 eviden\u0163ieze \u015fi s\u0103 analizeze institu\u0163ia fundamental\u0103 a dreptului administrativ \u015fi anume cea a\u00a0 Func\u0163ionarului public<\/strong>.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen mod curent,administra\u0163ia public\u0103,\u00een accep\u0163iunea sa de \u201ecorp profesional\u201d \u00ee\u015fi realizeaz\u0103 activitatea \u015fi sarcinile ce \u00eei revin printr-un personal constituit eterogen,\u00een care func\u0163ionarii publici nu dec\u00e2t o parte,\u00eentr-adevar numeroas\u0103,dar \u015fi cea mai important\u0103 a acestei categorii.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 De asemenea prezenta lucrare \u00ee\u015fi propune s\u0103 delimiteze notiunea de func\u0163ionar public din dreptul administrativ(concept recunoscut de literatura de specialitate cu caracteristicile specifice) de celelalte defini\u0163ii date acestuia de c\u0103tre celelalte ramuri de drept.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0 Vom trata aceasta tem\u0103 din\u00a0 perspectiva legislativ-normativ\u0103 oferind un cadru care permite asigurarea \u015fi aplicarea principiului suprema\u0163iei legii, respectiv a egalit\u0103\u0163ii de tratament fa\u0163\u0103 de public, a cet\u0103\u0163enilor \u00een fa\u0163a legii \u015fi tratamentul nediscriminatoriu al lor, apreciat de teoreticieni \u015fi practicieni \u00een egal\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103. Lucrarea de fa\u0163\u0103 \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 eviden\u0163ieze locul \u015fi importan\u0163a dreptului penal \u00een ceea ce prive\u015fte administra\u0163ia public\u0103 \u015fi leg\u0103turile pe care func\u0163ionarul public le stabile\u015fte \u00een cadrul atribu\u0163iilor de serviciu cu societatea, pe de o parte \u015fi cu institu\u0163iile statului, pe de alt\u0103 parte.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Administra\u0163ia public\u0103 este rezultatul muncii unui num\u0103r semificativ de persoane care \u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activitatea \u00eentr-un spa\u0163iu public.Aceasta pentru a-\u015fi duce la bun\u0103 \u00eendeplinire scopul beneficiaz\u0103 de o serie de resurse \u015fi anume:umane \u015fi aici putem men\u0163iona poten\u0163ialul creativ al fiin\u0163ei umane,informa\u0163ionale,materiale \u015fi financiare.Poten\u0163ialul creativ este reprezentat \u00een cazul nostru de Func\u0163ionarul public,cel care este chemat s\u0103 execute \u00een concret sarcinile administra\u0163iei publice.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vom preciza \u015fi calit\u0103\u0163ile dar \u015fi condi\u0163iile cerute de lege,pentru persoana func\u0163ionarului public.Acest lucru va fii tratat\u00a0 din perspectiv\u0103 psihologic\u0103(precizarea calit\u0103\u0163ilor care trebuie s\u0103 le \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 o persoan\u0103 care exercit\u0103 o func\u0163ie public\u0103),din perspectiva managementului resurselor umane(adic\u0103 performan\u0163a ob\u0163inut\u0103 de func\u0163ionarul public \u00een exercitarea activit\u0103\u0163ii sale,precum si din perspectiva dreptului penal.\u00cen prezent este unanim recunoscut faptul c\u0103 valoarea unei administra\u0163ii const\u0103,nu at\u00e2t \u00een mijloacele materiale sau financiare de care dispune,c\u00e2t mai ales \u00een poten\u0163ialul s\u0103u uman.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Administra\u0163ia public\u0103 \u2013 Func\u0163ionarul public<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Administra\u0163ia public\u0103<\/strong> se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-un continuu dialog cu grupurile sociale datorit\u0103 problemelor existente la nivelul comunit\u0103\u0163ii \u00een acest sens sunt institu\u0163ionalizate formele de consultare.Datorita acestui fapt grupurile,\u00ee\u015fi cunoasc bine drepturile \u015fi obliga\u0163iile \u015fi au sentimentul c\u0103 opinia lor \u00eentr-adev\u0103r conteaz\u0103.Nu acela\u015fi lucru se poate spune despre cet\u0103\u0163eni care consider\u0103 c\u0103 de cele mai multe ori punctul lor de vedere nu conteaz\u0103 \u015fi se simt abandona\u0163i de c\u0103tre administra\u0163ie.De asemenea trebuie s\u0103 subliniem faptul c\u0103 societetea per ansamblu are anumite a\u015ftept\u0103ri de la administra\u0163ie.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Administra\u0163ia public\u0103 realizez\u0103 dialogul cu cet\u0103\u0163enii s\u0103i prin intermediul persoanelor care \u00eei desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 \u00een mod concret activitatea \u015fi anume func\u0163ionarii publici<\/strong>, av\u00e2nd o preg\u0103tire de specialitate. Formarea \u201epersonalului ce ocup\u0103 func\u0163ii administrative de specialitate la nivel superior se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een cadrul \u00een cadrul \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntului universitar.Preg\u0103tirea profesional\u0103 teoretic\u0103 \u015fi practic\u0103 a personalului din administra\u0163ia public\u0103 trebuie avut\u0103 \u00een vedere \u00een ac\u0163iunea de formare a acestora.pornind de la caracterul multilateral \u015fi specializat al activit\u0103\u0163ii \u00een administra\u0163ia public\u0103,caracter ce determin\u0103 o preg\u0103tire profesional\u0103 diferen\u0163iat\u0103Astfel,pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 o temeinic\u0103 preg\u0103tire \u00een domeniul dreptului \u015fi a \u015ftiin\u0163ei administra\u0163iei,competen\u0163a profesional\u0103 presupune:summumde cuno\u015ftin\u0163e de specialitate(proprii ramurii sau domeniului \u00een care ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 respectiva autoritate a administra\u0163iei publice),experien\u0163a \u00een domeniu,u\u015furin\u0163a de a pune \u00een aplicare aptitudinile intelectuale,precum \u015fi ansamblul de atitudini ce predispun persoana la aplicarea tuturor posibilit\u0103\u0163ilor sale intelectuale\u201d.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preg\u0103tirea func\u0163ionarilor publici ar trebui s\u0103 se bazeze pe cultivarea abilit\u0103\u0163ilor fiec\u0103rei persoane,dec\u00e2t pe transmiterea automat\u0103 a unor cuno\u015ftin\u0163e.<\/p>\n Prin no\u0163iunea de func\u0163ionar public<\/strong> \u00een\u0163elegem:<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Persoana numit\u0103,\u00eentr-o func\u0163ie public\u0103 \u015fi \u00eenvestit\u0103 \u00een mod legal cu atribi\u0163iile acesteia,persoan\u0103 titular\u0103 de drepturi \u015fi obliga\u0163ii chemat\u0103 s\u0103 le exercite \u00een scopul realiz\u0103rii competen\u0163ei autorit\u0103\u0163ii publice sau institu\u0163iei publice din care face parte func\u0163ia public\u0103.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Func\u0163ionarul public este persoana numit\u0103, \u00een condi\u0163iile legii, \u00eentr-o func\u0163ie public\u0103. Persoana care a fost eliberat\u0103 din func\u0163ia public\u0103 \u015fi se afl\u0103 \u00een corpul de rezerv\u0103 al func\u0163ionarilor publici \u00ee\u015fi p\u0103streaz\u0103 calitatea de func\u0163ionar public.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Func\u0163ionarul public<\/strong> \u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activitatea \u00een baza prerogativelor de putere public\u0103.Printre atribu\u0163iile<\/strong> acestuia enumer\u0103m cele mai importante dintre acestea,a\u015fa cum rezult\u0103 din articolul 3 din\u00a0 Statutul Func\u0163ionarului Public: [8]<\/a><\/p>\n –\u00a0 punerea \u00een executare a legilor \u015fi a celorlalte acte normative;<\/p>\n – elaborarea proiectelor de acte normative \u015fi a altor reglement\u0103ri specifice autorit\u0103\u0163ii sau institu\u0163iei publice, precum \u015fi asigurarea aviz\u0103rii acestora;<\/p>\n – elaborarea proiectelor politicilor \u015fi strategiilor, a programelor, a studiilor, analizelor \u015fi statisticilor necesare realiz\u0103rii \u015fi implement\u0103rii politicilor publice, precum \u015fi a documenta\u0163iei necesare execut\u0103rii legilor, \u00een vederea realiz\u0103rii competen\u0163ei autorit\u0103\u0163ii sau institu\u0163iei publice;<\/p>\n –\u00a0 consilierea, controlul \u015fi auditul public intern;<\/p>\n –\u00a0 gestionarea resurselor umane \u015fi a resurselor financiare;<\/p>\n –\u00a0 colectarea crean\u0163elor bugetare;<\/p>\n –\u00a0 reprezentarea intereselor autorit\u0103\u0163ii sau institu\u0163iei publice \u00een raporturile acesteia cu persoane fizice sau juridice de drept public sau privat, din \u0163ar\u0103 \u015fi str\u0103in\u0103tate, \u00een limita competen\u0163elor stabilite de conduc\u0103torul autorit\u0103\u0163ii sau institu\u0163iei publice, precum \u015fi reprezentarea \u00een justi\u0163ie a autorit\u0103\u0163ii sau institu\u0163iei publice \u00een care \u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activitatea;<\/p>\n – realizarea de activit\u0103\u0163i \u00een conformitate cu strategia de informatizare a administra\u0163iei publice.<\/p>\n \u00a0 Am f\u0103cut aceste preciz\u0103ri de ordin teoretic pentru a ne u\u015fura analiza care o vom efectua \u00een continuare,\u00een sensul c\u0103 vom face o paralel\u0103 \u00eentre no\u0163iunea de func\u0163ionar public,definit\u0103 de dreptul administrativ \u015fi aceea\u015fi no\u0163iune definit\u0103 de dreptul penal.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Doctrina de specialitate \u015fi legisla\u0163ia \u00een domeniul func\u0163iei publice a statuat func\u0163ionar public,nu poate fii dec\u00e2t o persoan\u0103 care \u00eendepline\u015fte urm\u0103toarele: condi\u0163ii prev\u0103zute de art.54 din statutul func\u0163ionarilor publici:[9]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 a)are cetatenia rom\u00e2na si domiciliul \u00een Rom\u00e2nia;<\/p>\n b) cunoaste limba rom\u00e2na, scris si vorbit;<\/p>\n c) are v\u00e2rsta de minimum 18 ani \u00eempliniti;<\/p>\n d) are capacitate deplina de exercitiu;<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 e) are o stare de sanatate corespunzatoare functiei publice pentru care candideaza, atestata pe baza de examen medical de specialitate;<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 f) \u00eendeplineste conditiile de studii prevazute de lege pentru functia publica;<\/p>\n g) \u00eendeplineste conditiile specifice pentru ocuparea functiei publice;<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 h) nu a fost condamnata pentru sav\u00e2rsirea unei infractiuni contra umanitatii, contra statului sau contra autoritatii, de serviciu sau \u00een legatura cu serviciul, care \u00eempiedica \u00eenfaptuirea justitiei, de fals ori a unor fapte de coruptie sau a unei infractiuni sav\u00e2rsite cu intentie, care ar face-o incompatibila cu exercitarea functiei publice, cu exceptia situatiei \u00een care a intervenit reabilitarea;<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 i) nu a fost destituita dintr-o functie publica sau nu i-a \u00eencetat contractul individual de munca pentru motive disciplinare \u00een ultimii 7 ani;Aceste condi\u0163ii sunt valabile \u00een privin\u0163a recrut\u0103rii personalului din administra\u0163ia public\u0103.Odat\u0103 promovat concursul de c\u0103tre o persoan\u0103 acestea este numit\u0103 \u00een func\u0163ia public printr-un act de numire \u015fi intr\u0103 sub inciden\u0163a raportului de serviciu.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen acest cadru,putem vorbi de faptul c\u0103 personalul din administra\u0163ia public\u0103 este alc\u0103tuit din:[10]<\/a><\/p>\n 1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Func\u0163ionari publici. Aptitudini,calit\u0103\u0163i cerute pentru a ocupa o func\u0163ie public\u0103:[11]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n a)<\/strong> Aptitudini interpersonale:<\/em> capacitatea de a motiva \u015fi \u00eencuraja \u00eentr-un mod armonios echipa din care fac parte, fie \u00een calitate de coechipier, fie \u00een calitate de lider.<\/p>\n b) <\/strong>Calit\u0103\u0163i<\/em>: perseveren\u0163\u0103, puterea de a \u00eenv\u0103\u0163a repede lucruri noi \u015fi de a se adapta cu u\u015furin\u0163\u0103 la situa\u0163ii noi; sociablilitate, spirit de echip\u0103 \u015fi capabilitate de a lucra \u00een condi\u0163ii de stres; U\u015furin\u0163\u0103, claritate \u015fi coeren\u0163\u0103 \u00een exprimare(mai ales pentru viitorii func\u0163ionari,care vor avea ca obiect de activitate:furnizarea de informa\u0163ii c\u0103tre cet\u0103\u0163eni,<\/p>\n – <\/strong>Rezolvarea problemelor: abilitatea de a investiga, analiza \u015fi rezolva problemele; dezvoltarea abilit\u0103\u0163ilor analitice \u015fi de diagnosticare, -Calculator: ablilit\u0103\u0163i \u00een utilizarea calculatorului \u015fi a aplica\u0163iilor soft; cuno\u015ftiin\u0163e \u00een utilizarea pachetului Office<\/p>\n Aptitudini \u015fi competen\u0163e organizatorice:<\/strong><\/strong>[12]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n – <\/strong>experien\u0163\u0103 \u00een solu\u0163ionarea conflictelor prin metode alternative (mediere) Aptitudini \u015fi competen\u0163e sociale:<\/strong><\/strong>[13]<\/strong><\/a> 2) Personal contractual din adminstra\u0163ia public\u0103 \u00eencadra\u0163i cu contract individual de munc\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0De asemenea este necesar s\u0103 facem precizarea potrivit c\u0103reia Statutul func\u0163ionarilor publici reglementeaz\u0103 situa\u0163ia regimului juridic aplicabil func\u0163ionarilor publici \u015fi anume regimul de drept public,deoarece \u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activitatea \u00een baza prerogativelor de putere public\u0103, intr\u00eend \u015fi \u00een Corpul func\u0163ionarilor publici \u015fi regimul de drept comun pentru personalul contractual din administra\u0163ia public\u0103 care efectueaz\u0103 care efectueaz\u0103 activit\u0103\u0163i(secretariat-administrativ,protocol gospod\u0103rire)care nu au legatur\u0103 cu prerogativele mai sus men\u0163ionate.Institu\u0163ia care vegheaz\u0103 la buna \u00eendeplinire a legii nr.188\/1999 este Agen\u0163ia Na\u0163ional\u0103 a Func\u0163ionarilor Publici.<\/p>\n Func\u0163ionarii publici pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 drepturi au \u015fi o serie de \u00eendatoriri care trebuie s\u0103 le \u00eendeplineasc\u0103,\u00een caz contrar sunt pasibili de r\u0103pundere.\u00cen func\u0163ie de faptele s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fite de c\u0103tre ace\u015ftia,sau mai bine spus de gravitatea acestora atrag urm\u0103toarele forme de r\u0103spundere: disciplinar\u0103, contraven\u0163ional\u0103, patrimonial\u0103, civil\u0103 \u015fi penal\u0103.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ne vom opri \u00een cercetarea noatr\u0103 asupra definirii no\u0163iunii de func\u0163ionar public din prisma dreptului administrativ,dar \u015fi din perspectiva dreptului penal.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Potrivit Codului penal \u201eprin func\u0163ionar public se \u00een\u0163elege orice persoan\u0103 care exercit\u0103 permanent sau temporar,cu orice titlu,indiferent cum a fost \u00eenvestit\u0103,o \u00eens\u0103rcinare de orice natur\u0103,retribuit\u0103 sau nu,\u00een serviciul unei unit\u0103\u0163i dintre cele la care se refer\u0103 art.145.\u201d[14]<\/a>.Vom preciza si definirea no\u0163iunii de public,potrivit art.145 cod penal: \u201eprin termenul public se \u00eentelege tot ce prive\u015fte autorit\u0103\u0163ile publice,institu\u0163iile publice,institu\u0163iile sau alte persoane juridice de interes public,administrarea,folosirea sau exploatarea bunurilor proprietate public\u0103,serviciile de inters public,precum si bunurile de orice fel care,potrivit legii,sunt de interes public.\u201d[15]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Consider c\u0103 no\u0163iunea de func\u0163ionar public potrivit codului penal,prezint\u0103 un mare grad de generalitate. Este necesar \u00eentr-adevar s\u0103 se insiste asupra responsabiliz\u0103rii func\u0163ionarilor publici de la toate nivelurile pentru eficientizarea activit\u0103\u0163ii specifice administra\u0163iei publice, \u00een vederea garant\u0103rii siguran\u0163ei persoanei, a ordinii \u015fi a legalit\u0103\u0163ii, ca dimensiuni ale democra\u0163iei \u015fi ale men\u0163inerii echilibrului \u015fi credibilit\u0103\u0163ii institu\u0163iilor statului de drept.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Este necesar\u0103 o analiz\u0103 aprofundat\u0103 a func\u0163iei publice \u015fi a func\u0163ionarului public, pentru a eviden\u0163ia importan\u0163a implic\u0103rii responsabile pe care acesta o are \u00een statul modern, ca principal actor al administra\u0163iei publice.Func\u0163ia public\u0103 \u201eeste conditie obiectiv\u0103, necesar\u0103 \u015fi indispensabil\u0103 a desf\u0103\u015fur\u0103rii activit\u0103\u0163ii, fiec\u0103rui angajator din administra\u0163ia public\u0103. Necesitatea respect\u0103rii unei anumite ordini, a unor reguli, care s\u0103 coordoneze conduita indivizilor, pentru atingerea scopului comun, se impune cu for\u0163\u0103 evident\u0103 valabila pentru orice activitate uman\u0103 desf\u0103\u015furata \u00een colectiv\u201d[16]<\/a><\/p>\n Valentin I. Pris\u0103caru sus\u0163ine c\u0103 \u201efunc\u0163ionarul public este acea persoan\u0103 fizic\u0103 care, cu respectarea condi\u0163iilor cerute de lege, a fost \u00eenvestita prin numire \u00eentr-o func\u0163ie public\u0103, pentru a desf\u0103\u015fura, contra unui salariu, o activitate continu\u0103 \u015fi ritmic\u0103 Pe timpul c\u00e2t de\u0163ine func\u0163ia public\u0103, persoana fizic\u0103 are anumite drepturi \u015fi \u00eei revin anumite obliga\u0163ii\u201d[17]<\/a><\/p>\n Este bine cunoscut\u0103 importa\u0163a pe care a acordat-o Max Weber func\u0163ionarului profesionist, \u201dst\u00e2lpul de rezisten\u0163\u0103 al statului modern \u015fi al economiei moderne\u201d. El afirma c\u0103 numai \u00een spa\u0163iul occidental european, acesta se putea apropria de condi\u0163ia de \u201eelement constitutiv pentru ordinea social\u0103.\u201d[18]<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n Prof. Paul.Negulescu, d\u00e2nd o defini\u0163ie no\u0163iunii de func\u0163ionar public, arat\u0103 c\u0103 func\u0163ionarii publici sunt acei cet\u0103\u0163eni care, fiind num\u0163i de autoritatea competent\u0103 \u015fi investi\u0163i \u00een mod legal cu atributele func\u0163iei lor, presteaz\u0103 \u00een mod permanent o anumit\u0103 activitate, ce nu este exclusiv manual\u0103, \u00een scop de a face sa func\u0163ioneze un serviciu public \u00een schimbul unui salariu pl\u0103tit periodic.[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n Iar profesorul A. Teodorescu sus\u0163inea c\u0103 \u201efunc\u0163ionarul public este persoana care, \u00een schimbul unei remunera\u0163ii, \u00eendepline\u015fte sau colaboreaz\u0103 \u00een mod permanent la \u00eendeplinirea unui serviciu public depinz\u00e2nd de autoritatea administrativ\u0103 a statului, jude\u0163elor sau comunelor\u201d.[20]<\/a><\/p>\n Am enumerat aceste defini\u0163ii,pentru a \u00eent\u0103ri opinia conform c\u0103reia,defini\u0163ia dat\u0103 de Codul Penal este mult prea general\u0103.Analiz\u00e2nd defini\u0163iile din perspectiv\u0103 administrativ\u0103 respectiv penal\u0103 am extras urm\u0103toarele concluzii:<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Func\u0163ionar public este doar <\/em>acea persoan\u0103 fizic\u0103,care a fost \u00eenvestit\u0103\u00a0 cu prerogative de putere public\u0103,s\u0103 desf\u0103\u015foare o activitate \u00eentr-un organ al administra\u0163iei publice.Dispozi\u0163iile din codul penal includ \u00een art.147 tot personalul administra\u0163iei publice.Men\u0163ionez c\u0103 este foarte important s\u0103 se fac\u0103 distinc\u0163ie \u00eentre no\u0163iunea de func\u0163ionar public<\/strong> \u015fi no\u0163iunea de\u00a0 personal contractual<\/strong> \u00een administra\u0163ia public\u0103.Regimul juridic \u00een cele dou\u0103 cazuri,este foarte diferit,dac\u0103 \u00een cazul func\u0163ionarilor publici,suntem \u00een prezen\u0163a unui regim juridic public,deoarece func\u0163ionarii publici<\/strong> \u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activitatea \u00een baza preorogativelor de putere public\u0103, personalului contractual<\/strong> din administra\u0163ia public\u0103 i se aplic\u0103 regimul dreptului comun,adic\u0103 dispozi\u0163iile codului muncii,deoarece ace\u015ftia \u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activitatea \u00een baza unui contract individual de munc\u0103.Tocmai din aceast\u0103 cauz\u0103 consider c\u0103 pentru acele infrac\u0163iuni s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fite \u00een timpul serviciului sau \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu serviciul unde se consider\u0103 c\u0103 subiectul s\u0103 fie calificat(func\u0163ionar public),este necesar a se face distinc\u0163ia \u00eentre no\u0163iunea de func\u0163ionar public a\u015fa cum este definit\u0103 de Statutul func\u0163ionarilor publici 188\/1999 republicat\u0103 \u015fi no\u0163iunea de personal contractual \u00een administra\u0163ia public\u0103.Drepturile,\u00eendatoririle \u00een cele dou\u0103 cazuri sunt diferite prin esen\u0163\u0103,tocmai de aceea Codul Penal ar trebui sa fac\u0103 distinc\u0163ie \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 no\u0163iuni,pentru a realiza o corect\u0103 calificare sau \u00eencadrare juridic\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n – \u00cen explicarea no\u0163iunii de \u201cfunc\u0163ionar\u201d, trebuie s\u0103 \u0163inem seama \u015fi de dispozi\u0163iile art. 147 alin. (1) C. pen.. Potrivit acestui text de lege, prin func\u0163ionar public,<\/em> se \u00een\u0163elege orice persoan\u0103 care exercit\u0103, permanent sau temporar, cu orice titlu, indiferent cum a fost \u00eenvestit\u0103, o \u00eens\u0103rcinare de orice natur\u0103, retribuit\u0103 sau nu, \u00een serviciul unei unit\u0103\u0163i dintre cele la care se refer\u0103 art.145.[21]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n – Potrivit art.147 alin.(2) prin \u201cfunctionar\u201d se \u00een\u0163elege persoana men\u0163ionat\u0103 \u00een alin. (1), precum \u015fi orice salariat care exercit\u0103 o \u201e\u00eens\u0103rcinare \u00een serviciul unei alte persoane juridice dec\u00e2t cele prevazute \u00een acel alineat\u201d[22]<\/a><\/p>\n – Func\u0163ionarii publici ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 o r\u0103spundere mai mare \u00een raport cu activit\u0103\u0163ile desf\u0103\u015furate,pe c\u00e2nd \u00een cazul personalului contractual r\u0103spunderea s\u0103 fie limitat\u0103.Acest lucru f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-se \u00een raport de preg\u0103tirea profesional\u0103 a fiec\u0103ruia.<\/p>\n – Din punct de vedere al subiectului infrac\u0163iunii ar trebui s\u0103 se fac\u0103 distinc\u0163ie \u00eentre func\u0163ionar public \u015fi personalul contractual din administra\u0163ia public\u0103,denumirea de \u201efunc\u0163ionar\u201ddin alin.2 al art.147,Cod Penal,\u00eenglobeaz\u0103 \u015fi no\u0163iunea de \u201efunc\u0163ionar public\u201d.\u0162in s\u0103 men\u0163ionez c\u0103 este necesar\u0103 separarea \u00eentre cei doi termeni.iar aceast\u0103,situa\u0163ie reprezint\u0103 o chestiune de tehnic\u0103 legislativ\u0103.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen opinia mea \u201efunc\u0163ionar\u201deste acea persoan\u0103 care exercit\u0103 o activitate (de cur\u0103\u0163enie a imobilului,activita\u0163i de protocol)\u00eentr-o institu\u0163ie public\u0103 \u00een baza unui contract individual de munc\u0103.Acestui func\u0163ionar,cum am precizat mai \u00eenainte, i se aplic\u0103 regimul de drept comun.No\u0163iunea de \u201efunc\u0163ionar\u201d,<\/strong>nu poate s\u0103 includ\u0103 \u015fi no\u0163iunea de \u201efunc\u0163ionar public\u201d,<\/strong>deoarece acestuia din urm\u0103,i se aplic\u0103 un regim juridic diferit \u015fi anume regimul de drept public, deoarece \u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activitatea \u00een baza prerogativelor de putere public\u0103. Din moment ce regimul juridic aplicabil,este diferit,\u00eentre cele dou\u0103 nu exist\u0103 o rela\u0163ie ca de la parte la \u00eentreg.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Denumirea de \u201efunc\u0163ionar\u201d din Codul Penal,dac\u0103 nu ar \u00eengloba si no\u0163iunea de \u201efunc\u0163ionar public\u201d ar definii cu succes, no\u0163iunea de \u201epersonal contractual din administra\u0163ia public\u0103\u201d.Personalul contractual din administra\u0163ia public\u0103,\u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activitatea \u00een baza unui contract individual de munc\u0103, av\u00e2nd calitatea de salariat,concluzii ce reies Codul Muncii c\u00e2t \u015fi din Statutul Func\u0163ionarilor Publici,care face trimitere la dispozi\u0163iile din Codul Muncii.Func\u0163ionarului public i se aplic\u0103 dispozi\u0163iile din Legea 188\/1999 privind statutul func\u0163ionarilor publici republicat\u0103,deoarece \u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activitatea \u00een virtutea acesteia,intr\u00e2nd \u00een raport de serviciu,a\u015fa cum legea \u00eel prevede expresis verbis.<\/em><\/p>\n Prezenta lucrare a avut \u00een vedere,prezentarea no\u0163iunii de func\u0163ionar public a\u015fa cum este definit \u00een doctrina de specialitate c\u00e2t \u015fi \u00een cadrul legal actual.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Corneliu Manda, Cezar Manda,\u015etiin\u0163a Administra\u0163iei<\/em>, Editura: Universul Juridic, Bucure\u015fti, anul 2008, pag.191.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> http:\/\/www.stiucum.com\/drept\/drept-penal\/Drept-penal-in-administratia-p95263.php.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> Ioan Alexandru(coordonator),Mihaela C\u0103r\u0103u\u015fan,Sorin Bucur,Drept Administrativ<\/em>,Editura:Lumina Lex,Bucure\u015fti,2005,pag.283.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a> Alistar, Victor, Transparen\u0163a decizional\u0103 \u00een administra\u0163ia public\u0103<\/em>, Bucure\u015fti, 2005, Institutul Na\u0163ional de Administra\u0163ie, p.35;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [5]<\/a> [5] Ioan Alexandru(coordonator),Mihaela C\u0103r\u0103u\u015fan,Sorin Bucur,Drept Administrativ<\/em>,Editura:Lumina Lex,Bucure\u015fti,2005,pag.284..<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [6]<\/a> Idem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [7]<\/a> Art.2 din Legea nr.188\/1999 privind \u00a0Statutul \u00a0Func\u0163ionarului public<\/em>,republicat\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [8]<\/a> Art.3. din Legea nr.188\/1999 privind \u00a0Statutul \u00a0Func\u0163ionarului public<\/em>,republicat\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [9]<\/a> Art.54. din Legea nr.188\/1999 privind \u00a0Statutul \u00a0Func\u0163ionarului public<\/em>,republicat\u0103<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [10]<\/a> Corneliu Manda,Cezar Manda,\u015etiin\u0163a Administra\u0163iei<\/em>,Editura:Universul Juridic,Bucure\u015fti,anul 2008,pag.192;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [11]<\/a> http:\/\/www.tpu.ro\/conversatii\/dati-mi-exemple-de-aptitudini-si-competente-personale-sa-vad-daca-ma-regasesc-in-vreo-una-am-nevoie-la\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [12]<\/a> Idem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [13]<\/a> http:\/\/danielrusu.blogspot.com\/2007\/08\/curriculum-vitae.html<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [14]<\/a> Art.147 Codul Penal La Zi,Edi\u0163ie coordonat\u0103 de prof.univ.dr. Valerian Cioclei,Editura C.H.Beck.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [15]<\/a> Art.145 Codul Penal La Zi,Edi\u0163ie coordonat\u0103 de prof.univ.dr. Valerian Cioclei,Editura C.H.Beck;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [16]<\/a> Alexandru \u0162iclea, Andrei Popescu, Constantin Tufan, Ovidiu Tinca, Marioara Tichindelean, Dreptul muncii<\/em>, Editura Rosetti, Bucure\u015fti, 2004, pag. 660;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [17]<\/a> Valentin I. Pris\u0103caru,. Tratat de drept administrativ Rom\u00e2n<\/em>, Editura Lumina Lex, Bucuresti 2002, pg.265.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n-Abilit\u0103\u0163i de negociere<\/p>\n
\n– experien\u0163\u0103 \u00een scrierea de proiecte \u015fi propuneri de finan\u0163are
\n– aplecare pentru detalii\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – seriozitate si punctualitate<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n– experien\u0163\u0103 \u00een lucrul cu oamenii\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – abilit\u0103\u0163i de comunicare \u015fi rela\u0163ionare\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – abilit\u0103\u0163i de mediator\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – spirit de echip\u0103 \u015fi experien\u0163\u0103 \u00een lucrul \u00een echip\u0103\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – sociabil \u015fi comunicativ\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – spirit inovativ<\/strong><\/p>\n