{"id":478,"date":"2010-12-07T21:56:00","date_gmt":"2010-12-07T19:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aafdutm.ro\/revista\/?p=478"},"modified":"2010-12-07T21:56:00","modified_gmt":"2010-12-07T19:56:00","slug":"relatia-romaniei-cu-fmi-ul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/anul-ii\/relatia-romaniei-cu-fmi-ul\/","title":{"rendered":"Rela\u0163ia Rom\u00e2niei cu FMI-ul"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1.Prezentare general\u0103 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Fondul Monetar Interna\u0163ional<\/strong><\/a><strong> (FMI)<\/strong> este o institu\u0163ie financiar\u0103 interna\u0163ional\u0103 care reune\u015fte 186 de \u0163\u0103ri membre. \u00cenfiin\u0163at \u00een iulie 1945, \u00een urma Conferin\u0163ei Na\u0163iunilor Unite de la Bretton Woods (SUA), FMI are ca principale <strong>obiective<\/strong> promovarea cooper\u0103rii monetare interna\u0163ionale, facilitarea expansiunii \u015fi cre\u015fterii echilibrate a comer\u0163ului interna\u0163ional, promovarea stabilit\u0103\u0163ii cursurilor de schimb, furnizarea de asisten\u0163\u0103 \u00een scopul cre\u0103rii unui sistem multilateral de pl\u0103\u0163i \u015fi punerea la dispozi\u0163ie a resurselor sale \u0163\u0103rilor membre care se confrunt\u0103 cu dezechilibre ale balan\u0163ei de pl\u0103\u0163i.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00cen atingerea acestor obiective, FMI \u00eendepline\u015fte 3 <strong>func\u0163ii<\/strong> principale: supraveghere, asisten\u0163\u0103 tehnic\u0103 \u015fi creditare. De la \u00eenfiin\u0163area sa \u00een decembrie 1945, scopurile urm\u0103rite de FMI au r\u0103mas neschimbate, dar opera\u0163iunile sale, care includ supravegherea \u015fi asisten\u0163a financiar\u0103 \u015fi tehnic\u0103, au evoluat pentru a r\u0103spunde cerin\u0163elor economiei mondiale \u00een schimbare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Resursele Fondului <\/strong>sunt asigurate din contribu\u0163ia statelor membre, prin plata unor <strong>cote<\/strong> \u00een func\u0163ie de puterea economic\u0103 a fiec\u0103rei \u0163\u0103ri. Fiecare \u0163ar\u0103 achita cota sa la Fond \u00een propor\u0163ie de 25% \u00eentr-una dintre valutele acceptate pe plan interna\u0163ional (dolarul american, euro, yenul japonez sau lira sterlin\u0103) sau \u00een DST, iar restul de 75% \u00een moneda na\u0163ional\u0103. Cotele sunt revizuite la fiecare 5 ani. \u00cen luna august 2009, totalul acestor cote se ridica la aproximativ 325 de miliarde dolari SUA. Puterea de vot a fiec\u0103rei \u0163\u0103ri este propor\u0163ional\u0103 cu cota subscris\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">FMI r\u0103spunde \u00een fa\u0163a guvernelor din \u0163\u0103rile membre. Organismele de conducere sunt: Consiliul Guvernatorilor, Comitetul Financiar \u015fi Monetar Interna\u0163ional \u015fi Consiliul Director. \u00cen v\u00e2rful structurii organiza\u0163ionale se afl\u0103 <strong>Consiliul Guvernatorilor<\/strong>, format din guvernatorii b\u0103ncilor centrale sau mini\u015ftrii de finan\u0163e din fiecare dintre cele 186 de state membre. To\u0163i guvernatorii se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc o dat\u0103 pe an \u00een cadrul <strong><em>\u00cent\u00e2lnirii Anuale a FMI \u015fi a B\u0103ncii Mondiale<\/em><\/strong>. <strong>Consiliul Director<\/strong> este format din 24 de membri \u015fi conduce activit\u0103\u0163ile curente. <strong>Directorul general<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/np\/omd\/bios\/dsk.htm\">Dominique Strauss-Kahn<\/a> din Fran\u0163a.<\/span> al FMI este<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Articolul I din Acordul FMI stabile\u015fte principalele <strong>responsabilit\u0103\u0163i<\/strong> ale FMI: promovarea cooper\u0103rii monetare interna\u0163ionale; facilitarea expansiunii \u015fi cre\u015fterii echilibrate a comer\u0163ului interna\u0163ional; promovarea stabilit\u0103\u0163ii cursurilor de schimb; furnizarea de asisten\u0163\u0103 \u00een scopul cre\u0103rii unui sistem multilateral de pl\u0103\u0163i; punerea la dispozi\u0163ie a resurselor sale \u0163\u0103rilor membre care se confrunt\u0103 cu dezechilibre ale balan\u0163ei de pl\u0103\u0163i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><br \/>\n2.\u00a0Rela\u0163iile Rom\u00e2niei cu FMI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rom\u00e2nia a devenit <strong>membr\u0103 FMI la 15 decembrie 1972.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rom\u00e2nia face parte din constituenta condus\u0103 de Olanda. Dl.\u00a0Age F.P. Bakker\u00a0(Olanda) este Director Executiv pentru Rom\u00e2nia \u00een cadrul FMI; constituenta sa include Armenia, Bosnia \u015fi Her\u0163egovina, Bulgaria, Croa\u0163ia, Cipru, Georgia, Israel, Serbia, Muntenegru, Republica Macedonia, Moldova, Olanda, Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi Ucraina. Guvernatorul Rom\u00e2niei la FMI este domnul Constantin Mugur Is\u0103rescu, Guvernator al B\u0103ncii Na\u0163ionale a Rom\u00e2niei.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Fondul a avut un reprezentant rezident la Bucure\u015fti \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anul 1991. Dl. Tonny Lybek este Reprezentant Regional Principal pentru Rom\u00e2nia si Bulgaria, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu luna martie 2009.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Participarea Rom\u00e2niei la FMI<\/strong> se ridic\u0103 la 1.030,2 milioane DST sau 0,47% din cota total\u0103. Puterea de vot a Rom\u00e2niei este de 10.552 voturi reprezent\u00e2nd 0,48% din total.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3.Asisten\u0163a financiar\u0103<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu 1972, Rom\u00e2nia a folosit resursele FMI \u00een\u00a0unsprezece ocazii (detaliate mai jos) ca suport financiar pentru programele economice ale guvernului.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Tipul Acordului<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Data Aprob\u0103rii<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Data Expir\u0103rii sau Rezilierii<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Suma Aprobata (milioane SDR)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Suma Trasa (milioane SDR)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Stand-by<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10\/03\/75<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10\/02\/76<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">95.0<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">95.0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Stand-by<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">09\/09\/77<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">09\/08\/78<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">64.1<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">64.1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Stand-by<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">06\/15\/81<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">01\/14\/84<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1,102.5<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">817.5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Stand-by<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">04\/11\/91<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">04\/10\/92<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">380.5<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">318.1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Stand-by<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">05\/29\/92<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">03\/28\/93<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">314.0<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">261.7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Stand-by<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">05\/11\/94<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">04\/22\/97<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">320.5<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">94.3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Stand-by<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">04\/22\/97<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">05\/21\/98<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">301.5<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">120.6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Stand-by<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">08\/05\/99<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">02\/28\/01<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">400.0<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">139.75<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Stand-by<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10\/31\/01<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10\/15\/03<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">300.0<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">300.0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Stand-by preventiv<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">07\/07\/04<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">07\/07\/06<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">250.0<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"123\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0 (nefinalizat)*<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Stand-by<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">05\/04\/2009<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">03\/15\/2011<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">11443.0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6088<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suma trasa este zero deoarece acesta a fost un Acord Stand-by preventiv (precautionary). Programul nu a fost finalizat, numai prima evaluare fiind \u00eencheiata.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dup\u0103 <strong>expirarea Acordului, \u00een iulie 2006<\/strong>, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi ap\u0103rut necesitatea efectu\u0103rii de trageri, colaborarea Rom\u00e2niei cu FMI \u00een domeniul macroeconomic continu\u0103 sub forma consult\u0103rilor anuale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00cen data de 4 mai 2009 Consiliul Director al FMI a aprobat un nou Acord stand-by pe 24 de luni, \u00een valoare de 11.44 miliarde\u00a0DST <strong>(12.95 miliarde EUR<\/strong>), ca parte a unui pachet financiar interna\u0163ional care include alte <strong>5 miliarde EUR\u00a0provenite de la facilitatea Uniunii Europene de sprijinire a balan\u0163ei de pl\u0103\u0163i, 1 miliard EUR din programele DPL ale B\u0103ncii Mondiale \u015fi 1 miliard EUR de la alte institu\u0163ii interna\u0163ionale<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Totalul creditelor nerambursate la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul lunii octombrie\u00a02009 se ridica la\u00a06088 milioane DST, respectiv 690.95% din cot\u0103.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n4.Supraveghere \u015fi Consult\u0103ri anuale <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Func\u0163ia de supraveghere este stipulat\u0103 \u00een <strong>Articolul IV al Statutului FMI<\/strong>, modificat \u00een 2007, dup\u0103 aproximativ 30 de ani de la precedenta modificare, care\u00a0a avut loc la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anilor 70. Pentru a asigura eficienta acestei func\u0163ii \u00een contextul globaliz\u0103rii actuale, FMI propune o serie de m\u0103suri prin noua sa <em>Strategie pe Termen Mediu. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Decizia din 2007 privind supravegherea bilateral\u0103.<\/strong> \u00cen iunie 2007, cadrul de supraveghere a fost actualizat pentru prima dat\u0103 de la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anilor 70 prin adoptarea <em>Deciziei privind Supravegherea Politicilor Economice ale \u0162\u0103rilor Membre, <\/em>care cuprinde cele mai bune practici. Supravegherea FMI\u00a0trebuie s\u0103 vizeze \u00een principal stabilitatea extern\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 evalueze riscurile \u015fi vulnerabilit\u0103\u0163ile unei economii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Consolidarea practicilor de supraveghere.<\/strong> \u00cen cadrul supravegherii FMI, o aten\u0163ie deosebit\u0103\u00a0a \u00eenceput\u00a0a fi\u00a0acordat\u0103 sectorului financiar, odat\u0103 cu introducerea <em>Programului de Evaluare a Sectorului Financiar (FSAP)<\/em> \u015fi prin dezvoltarea de instrumente analitice pentru integrarea analizelor privind sectorul financiar \u015fi pie\u0163ele de capital, \u00een evalu\u0103rile macroeconomice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Supraveghere pe baze multilaterale. <\/strong>FMI actualizeaz\u0103 continuu evalu\u0103rile privind tendin\u0163ele economice la nivel regional \u015fi mondial. Principalele instrumente de supraveghere regional\u0103 \u015fi global\u0103 sunt cele dou\u0103 rapoarte semi anuale, <em>World Economic Outlook<\/em> \u015fi <em>Global Financial Stability Report.<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/np\/sec\/pn\/2007\/pn0797.htm\">Primele\u00a0consult\u0103ri multilaterale<\/a> cu privire la dezechilibrele mondiale,\u00a0\u00eencheiate pe 7 august 2007<em>,<\/em> arat\u0103 nevoia de consolidare a acestor evalu\u0103ri la nivel regional \u015fi mondial. Pentru dezvoltarea \u00een continuare a supravegherii la nivel regional, au fost luate deja unele m\u0103suri care vizeaz\u0103 modific\u0103ri organiza\u0163ionale, activitatea de cercetare, discu\u0163ii cu privire la politicile economice \u015fi comunicare. \u00cen plus, rapoarte regionale &#8211;<em> Regional<\/em> <em>Economic Outlook Reports (REO)<\/em> &#8211; pe patru mari regiuni sunt publicate anual sau semi-anual. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/reo\/2007\/eur\/eng\/ereo1107.pdf\">Cel mai recent REO pentru Europa<\/a> vizeaz\u0103 consolidarea sistemului financiar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia<\/strong>, FMI conduce procesul de supraveghere \u00een mod regulat prin Consult\u0103rile din cadrul Articolului IV.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">La data de 25 iunie 2008, Comitetul Executiv al FMI a finalizat consult\u0103rile \u00een cadrul Articolului IV cu Rom\u00e2nia. \u00cen urma acestora au fost exprimate aprecieri pentru performan\u0163ele economice ale \u0163\u0103rii noastre, fiind lansat \u00eens\u0103 un avertisment asupra riscurilor decurg\u00e2nd din dezechilibrele induse de sectorul privat \u015fi vulnerabilit\u0103\u0163ile externe. Recomand\u0103rile speciali\u015ftilor FMI vizeaz\u0103 o politic\u0103 fiscal\u0103 mai pu\u0163in stimulativ\u0103, o politic\u0103 monetar\u0103 prudent\u0103 \u015fi relansarea reformelor structurale pentru asigurarea sustenabilit\u0103\u0163ii cre\u015fterii economice. <strong><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>5.Asisten\u0163a tehnic\u0103 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tranzi\u0163ia \u00een Rom\u00e2nia a fost sus\u0163inut\u0103 prin asisten\u0163a tehnic\u0103 substan\u0163ial\u0103 din partea agen\u0163iilor multilaterale \u015fi a donatorilor bilaterali. FMI a oferit sprijin \u00een mai multe domenii, \u00een peste 40 de misiuni de asisten\u0163\u0103 tehnic\u0103 din 1990 p\u00e2n\u0103 acum. Asisten\u0163a din partea exper\u0163ilor Fondului s-a axat pe un num\u0103r de domenii cheie, printre care: reformele fiscale, modernizarea b\u0103ncii centrale \u015fi a sistemului bancar, crearea unei structuri legale orientat\u0103 c\u0103tre pia\u0163\u0103, cursuri de instruire \u015fi \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163irea colect\u0103rii \u015fi raport\u0103rii datelor statistice. Implementarea unei reforme cuprinz\u0103toare a administra\u0163iei fiscale \u00een conformitate cu recomand\u0103rile mai multor misiuni de asisten\u0163\u0103 tehnic\u0103 de la Departamentul de Afaceri Fiscale ale Fondului a demarat \u00een ianuarie 2003. La 6 noiembrie 2002 a fost finalizat raportul de \u0163ar\u0103 FMI nr. 02\/254) \u00cen continuare, \u00een 2003 a fost finalizat un FSAP, \u00een timp ce asisten\u0163a tehnic\u0103 din partea Departamentului Sisteme Monetare \u015fi Financiare al Fondului privind \u0163intirea infla\u0163iei continu\u0103. Recent, autorit\u0103\u0163ile rom\u00e2ne s-au angajat s\u0103 actualizeze FSAP p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului 2008.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Asistenta tehnic\u0103 oferit\u0103 de FMI sprijin\u0103 dezvoltarea resurselor productive ale \u0163\u0103rilor membre, ajut\u00e2ndu-le s\u0103-\u015fi formuleze politici economice \u015fi fiscale \u00een sprijinul cre\u015fterii economice. FMI ajuta aceste \u0163\u0103ri s\u0103-\u015fi consolideze capacit\u0103\u0163ile umane \u015fi institu\u0163ionale, \u015fi s\u0103 formuleze\u00a0politici macroeconomice, structurale \u015fi fiscale corespunz\u0103toare. Asisten\u0163a tehnic\u0103 reprezint\u0103 aproximativ o cincime din bugetul opera\u0163ional al FMI. Finan\u0163area asistentei tehnice se face at\u00e2t din resurse interne, c\u00e2t \u015fi externe, cele din urm\u0103 reprezent\u00e2nd fonduri din partea donatorilor bilaterali \u015fi multilaterali.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">FMI a oferit <strong>Rom\u00e2niei<\/strong> asisten\u0163\u0103 tehnic\u0103 \u00een numeroase domenii, cum ar fi administrare fiscal\u0103 \u015fi vamala, politici fiscale, managementul cheltuielilor bugetare, politici monetare \u015fi organizarea b\u0103ncii centrale, supraveghere bancar\u0103, \u0163intirea infla\u0163iei, statistic\u0103 \u015fi practici procedurale \u015fi institu\u0163ionale pentru prevenirea sp\u0103l\u0103rii banilor. \u00a0<strong><br \/>\nAranjamente de curs de schimb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Din luna august 1994, func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 o pia\u0163\u0103 interbancar\u0103 descentralizat\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd tranzac\u0163ii directe. Cursul de referin\u0163\u0103 oficial publicat de BNR este o medie a cursurilor raportate pentru tranzac\u0163iile interbancare \u015fi cu clien\u0163ii. Rom\u00e2nia a acceptat obliga\u0163iile prev\u0103zute \u00een Articolul VIII ale Statutului FMI referitor la convertibilitatea de cont curent la 25 martie 1998. <a href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">FONDUL MONETAR INTERNATIONAL<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">ROMANIA<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Evaluarile doi si trei in cadrul Acordului Stand-By, Solicitare de Reesalonare si de Derogare de la Indeplinirea Criteriului de Performanta <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Intocmit de Departamentul European<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(in consultare cu alte Departamente)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aprobat de Poul M. Thomsen si Aasim Husain<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9 februarie 2010<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>EVOLUTII RECENTE <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Economia prezinta semnele unei redresari incipiente. <\/strong>Romania a fost puternic afectata de recesiunea economica globala. Activitatea economica s-a mentinut slaba pe tot parcursul trimestrului trei din 2009, aceasta contractandu-se cu 0,6% trimetru-la-trimestru si cu 7,1% an-la-an. Totusi, indicatorii de frecventa ridicata confirma faptul ca nivelurile de productie se stabilizeaza si ca evolutiile pozitive din zona euro incep sa impulsioneze productia industriala si exporturile. Variabilele macroeconomice reale cheie cresc acum de la luna la luna. In ritmul actual, se anticipeaza ca activitatea economica va reveni la niveluri pozitive in primul trimestru al anului 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>In pofida recesiunii severe, inflatia s-a mentinut relativ ridicata dupa standardele regionale. <\/strong>Inflatia IPC de la sfarsitul anului 2009 a fost de 4,7%, in scadere fata de 6,3% in 2008, dar peste limita superioara a intervalului de tintire a inflatiei stabilit de BNR. Dupa ce a scazut la inceputul anului, inflatia a revenit usor la sfarsitul anului datorita majorarii accizelor la produsele din alcool si tutun. Evolutia preturilor la articolele nealimentare a demonstrat presiuni inflationiste persistente, reflectand rigiditatile de pe piata muncii si a produselor dar si efecte de transmitere asimetrica a deprecierii monedei. Cu toate acestea, pe masura ce impactul majorarii accizelor se diminueaza, este de asteptat ca inflatia sa scada pana la incadrarea sa in intervalul tintit stabilit de banca centrala.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recesiunea a exacerbat pozitia fiscala vulnerabila a tarii. <\/strong>Colectarea veniturilor a scazut sever la inceputul anului, reflectand comertul, veniturile si cheltuielile in scadere. In acelasi timp, s-a dovedit a fi dificil de stapanit nivelul cheltuielilor curente, depasiri inregistrandu-se la mai multe categorii \u2013 inclusiv la cheltuielile cu salariile din sectorul public \u2013 ce au fost compensate prin reduceri ale cheltuielilor de capital, cheltuieli mai mici cu dobanzile si unele imbunatatiri in ceea ce priveste colectarea veniturilor spre sfarsitul anului. Implementarea cu intarziere a masurilor menite sa reduca cheltuielile in ultimul trimestru (concediul neplatit de 10 zile si restructurarea agentiilor de stat) a redus economiile preconizate, dar guvernul a reusit sa se incadreze in tinta de deficit stabilita pentru sfarsitul anului.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Tensiunea de pe piata financiara a slabit in ultimele luni, dar conditiile de creditare se mentin dure. <\/strong>Guvernul a reusit sa isi acopere nevoile de finantare pe termen scurt pe piata interna de obligatiuni fara presiuni semnificative asupra ratelor interne, in parte datorita relaxarii conditiilor in ceea ce priveste rezervele minime obligatorii ale bancilor. Pe pietele internationale, marjele CDS pentru Romania sunt acum aproape de nivelurile la care se situau inainte de falimentul bancii Lehman Brothers. Bancile au redus sever cresterea creditului ca rezultat al<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">activitatii economice diminuate si pentru a-si consolida pozitiile financiare avand in vedere necesarul de capital si limitele privind lichiditatile, standardele mai stricte de acordare de imprumuturi si inrautatirea calitatii activelor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Romania: Acordul Stand-By <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Acces: <\/strong>11,443 miliarde DST.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Durata: <\/strong>24luni.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapizare: <\/strong>4,37 miliarde DST au fost disponibilizate dup\u01ce aprobarea acordului de c\u01cetre Comitetul Director pe data de 4 mai 2009, iar a doua transa, in valoare de 1,718 miliarde DST, a fost disponibilizata dupa finalizarea primei evaluari in cadrul ASB pe data de 21 septembrie 2009. Tran\u015fele trei si patru, conditionate de finalizarea acestei evaluari ce comaseaza evaluarile doi si trei, sunt in valoare de 2,175 miliarde DST. Urmatoarele patru transe trimestriale sunt conditionate de finalizarea urmatoarelor evaluari trimestricale incepand cu 15 iunie 2010 si sfarsind cu 15 martie 2011, vor fi in suma de 3,180 miliarde DST.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Condi\u0163ionalitate <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uf0b7 <strong><em>Criterii cantitative de performan\u0163\u01ce <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">un plafon pentru varia\u0163ia activelor externe nete.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">un plafon al arieratelor interne ale bugetului general consolidat<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">un plafon pentru soldul cash al bugetului general consolidat<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">un plafon al garan\u0163iilor bugetului general consolidat<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">ne-acumularea de arierate la datoria externa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uf0b7 <strong><em>Tinta cantitativa orientativa <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cheltuielile curente primare ale bugetului general consolidat<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Soldul operational (rezultatul exercitiului) al celor 10 Intreprinderi de Stat cu cele mai mari pierderi<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><em>O marja de consultarei in jurul inflatiei preturilor de consum in decurs de 12 luni. <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><em>Actiuni prealabile <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aprobarea masurilor fiscale agreate pentru 2010, inclusiv a bugetului pe 2011.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Prealabil discutariii \u00een Comitetul Director a evaluarilor doi si trei. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uf0b7 <strong><em>Criterii structurale de referin\u0163\u01ce <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aprobarea legislatiei de implementare a legii privind salarizarea in sectorul public. <em>Pana la 30 septembrie 2010<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aprobarea in Parlament a legislatiei responsabilitatii fiscale. <em>Pana la 30 martie 2010<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aprobarea amendamentelor la legislatia bancara si la legislatia de lichidare pentru a consolida cadrul de inchidere a bancilor, \u00een consultare cu FMI. <em>Pana la 31 martie 2010<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aprobarea legislatiei revizuite a pensiilor. <em>P\u00e2n\u01ce la 30 iunie 2010. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aprobarea reformelor administratiei fiscale. <em>Pana la 30 aprilie 2010 si ratificarea de catre Parlament pana la 30 iunie 2010. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aprobarea reformelor in domeniul finantelor autoritatilor publice. <em>Pana la 30 iunie 2010 <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aprobarea reformelor in domeniul finantelor Intreprinderilor de Stat. <em>Pana la 30 iunie <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>2010 (Indeplinit) <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uf0d8 Masuri de de consolidare a regimului de finan\u0163are a Fondului de Garantare a Depozitelor. <em>Pana la 30 septembrie 2010 <\/em><a href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Bibliografie:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[1] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mae.ro\/index.php?unde=doc&amp;id=5064&amp;idlnk=1&amp;cat=3\">http:\/\/www.mae.ro\/index.php?unde=doc&amp;id=5064&amp;idlnk=1&amp;cat=3<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2Staff report februarie 2010-www.fmi.ro<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"text-align: justify;\" size=\"1\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mae.ro\/index.php?unde=doc&amp;id=5064&amp;idlnk=1&amp;cat=3\">http:\/\/www.mae.ro\/index.php?unde=doc&amp;id=5064&amp;idlnk=1&amp;cat=3<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> Staff report februarie 2010-www.fmi.ro<\/span><\/p>\n<p><script>var 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general\u0103 Fondul Monetar Interna\u0163ional (FMI) este o institu\u0163ie financiar\u0103 interna\u0163ional\u0103 care reune\u015fte 186 de \u0163\u0103ri membre. \u00cenfiin\u0163at \u00een iulie 1945, \u00een urma Conferin\u0163ei Na\u0163iunilor Unite de la Bretton Woods (SUA), FMI are ca principale obiective promovarea cooper\u0103rii monetare interna\u0163ionale, facilitarea expansiunii \u015fi cre\u015fterii echilibrate a comer\u0163ului interna\u0163ional, promovarea stabilit\u0103\u0163ii cursurilor de schimb, furnizarea de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26,81,83],"tags":[121],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/478"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=478"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":480,"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/478\/revisions\/480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aafdutm.ro\/revista\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}